Science Tutors in Doha

Education

Software Engineer

Experience

I am electronics and software engineer and I have given private lessons for 4 years. A lot of student learnt programming with the help of my lessons. I can teach you basics of programming in just 10 hours. I offer face to face and online classes.  I can teach you C, C++, Java, Python, C# and more. I can also teach math for secondary and higher education.  

Tutoring Approach

I ensure the student can learn the subject. Mostly I teach the basics and ask similar but a harder question.

Education

PhD in Molecular Biology (University of Oxford); Pharmacology BSc (1st Class Hons, King's College London); British born and educated.

Experience

I am a full-time Science tutor and have a First class degree in Pharmacology from Kings College London and a PhD from the University of Oxford. My general curiosity in Biology and nature has always helped motivate me in my studies and I hope that through tutoring I can inspire and transfer my enthusiasm for science to my students. Due to the nature of my educational background, I have an excellent understanding of the Science subjects and I am adept in explaining complex concepts and ideas in a more understandable and manageable way.   I am a friendly, patient and enthusiastic science tutor who has over 8 years of experience in tutoring, mentoring and teaching science to those from the ages of 11 to PhD level. I provide online tuition and have been teaching science at GCSE, iGCSE, A level and university level and have worked with a variety of pupils with various abilities, learning styles, strengths and weaknesses. I have an excellent knowledge and experience of the current curriculum of all major exam boards (AQA, Cambridge, Edexcel and OCR) and teach both Combined and Triple iGCSE Sciences. I have taught many individuals (as well as in groups which is charged at a lower rate) intensively for their GCSE and A-levels in the run up to exams.   I also have extensive experience with university students of all academic levels and abilities as well as have a good working knowledge and experience of university marking and assessment systems. I offer guidance to undergraduate assignments specifically helping and advising on laboratory-based and library-based dissertations; evaluating scientific data as well as writing reports / essays.

Tutoring Approach

I provide a personalised tuition programme either online or in the tutee's home and can also provide home schooling/ education during the day.  The tuition sessions are very structured and tailored to the needs and learning style of the student, focusing on any weaknesses. These needs are usually pinpointed within the first meeting and I tailor all sessions to the individual specific exam board.  I apply a variety of different teaching techniques and styles that I have found to be effective in order to make studying enjoyable, interesting as well as beneficial, helping students to reach and excel to their full potential. My strategy in teaching addresses multiple areas to greatly benefit student's approach to learning which helps build their confidence. These include: - Help students to actually understand concepts and topics (rather than simply memorising facts) - Support with exam techniques, specific exam terminology and definitions that are commonly asked - Extensive exposure to actual exam board specific questions (I have an extensive array of relevant up-to-date educational and past exam papers, split by topic, for all subjects) - Provide support with revision techniques and advice to self learn and self motivate - Assist with composing an effective weekly study schedule tailored and based around the student's extra-curricular activities - Provide comprehensive feedback after each lesson on student's progress, homework results and areas to improve 

Reviews

Lajos Dr Szabados

08/05/21

Dr Stephen helped my son to prepare for biology/chemistry/physics IGCSE exams through weekly zoom sessions. I feel that the online format was in no way inferior to in-person tutoring. He is not only teaching the subject material to the kids, he also provides study schedule/ study techniques which will be important for them even during university years. His method of tuition is exam based, providing homework which he marks, subsequently discussing to learn from the mistakes made. It is highly effective in finding the gaps your child might have in school. He provides continuous feedback to the parent as well about the progress he is making with the tutee. I can highly recommend him and I consider his service a long time investment in my son's academic future.

Tessa Elisa

13/09/21

Dr Lui is an exceptional tutor who has gone over and beyond any tutor we have had in the past. My son was lacked confidence with his iGCSE Edexcel Triple Sciences in both year 9 and 10. We are so fortunate to have found Dr Lui, he is very professional, he genuinely cares for my son’s well-being, very encouraging and provides an exceptional high standard of personalised science lessons. My son absolutely loves his tutoring lessons and looks forward to his effective online sessions every week. Dr Lui teaches weak topics and provides excellent and thorough exam based homework. He also supports with revision and exam techniques and assists with making effective study schedules, all of which is invaluable for A level subjects and beyond. As a result of Dr Lui’s dedication, hard work and fantastic guidance, my son achieved three grade 9s in his triple Sciences. I highly recommend Dr Lui as an fantastic online Science tutor.

Shaikha Falah

07/10/21

My daughter has been struggling to understand Science GCSE and as a result became very anxious and lacked motivation. She has had several Zoom lessons with Dr Stephen and I can very happily say I am already seeing huge improvements in my daughter’s knowledge and confidence. His style of teaching is very engaging and encourages my daughter to participate. He teaches my daughter to understand topics and he goes through examination-style questions to make sure my daughter has grasped the topic completely and has good exam technique. My daughter has a revived interest in Science and we are so delighted to have found Dr Stephen, he is worth every penny. I would definitely recommend him to any student who is struggling with Sciences. Thank you Dr Stephen

Shaikha Falah

07/10/21

My daughter has been struggling to understand Science GCSE and as a result became very anxious and lacked motivation. She has had several Zoom lessons with Dr Stephen and I can very happily say I am already seeing huge improvements in my daughter’s knowledge and confidence. His style of teaching is very engaging and encourages my daughter to participate. He teaches my daughter to understand topics and he goes through examination-style questions to make sure my daughter has grasped the topic completely and has good exam technique. My daughter has a revived interest in Science and we are so delighted to have found Dr Stephen, he is worth every penny. I would definitely recommend him to any student who is struggling with Sciences. Thank you Dr Stephen.

Angela Kelitt

05/11/21

Stephen is an amazing tutor. His passion and dedication in teaching is beyond words! He has provided online tutoring for my daughter for the past few months for her Triple Science GCSE exams next year. The lessons are excellent and very engaging and interactive. My daughter really enjoys his lessons and has quickly gained a lot of confidence and knowledge through Stephen’s high quality teaching. His always explains everything very clearly and is very patient and approachable. He also offers advice about study methods, techniques and helping her with creating study schedules, which have been invaluable and beneficial for her other subjects. We are very fortunate to have found Stephen and I would highly recommend him to anyone.

Hassan Jamal

10/01/22

Dr Lui is a very talented and vastly knowledgeable Science tutor. I have been with Dr Lui for several months now and his lessons are extremely well planned and well organised and tailored to my personality and needs. At first, I was very sceptical with online lessons but he lessons are very engaging to address my weakness. I have attended many other classes in the past where you just read from a textbook but Dr Lui’s lessons are very interactive and he creates his own lesson plans. During the lessons, he asks questions which gets me to think and respond which is both effective and promotes faster learning. He is always patient, always allows me to ask any question and keen to help. He sets me homework that consists solely of exam questions which helps build my knowledge and he gives me so many tips on exam techniques, effective study methods and creating study schedule. As a result of Dr Lui’s support and genuine care, my confidence and test grades in the Sciences has greatly improved. I use to be the bottom of my Science class but now I am the top three of my Science classes. I am so happy to have found Dr Lui and would highly recommend him to any student. My parents are always so happy with the support and care Dr Lui provides me and are extremely grateful for his help.

Education

Graduate

Experience

I have 2 years experience of teaching. I am a native speaking instructor of Russian. I offer training in Arabic, English, French, Russian language. I believe that private lessons with a native speaker are the fastest and most effective way to increase your language skills through instruction. Also, I offer preparation for IELTS  Also, I have been studying Arabic for 5 years, I had bachelor diploma in Arabic, finished one year in Qatar university, received a C1 level of Arabic Language.  

Tutoring Approach

The first lesson includes a comprehensive diagnostic of your level and current strengths and weaknesses with both written and spoken sections that will give you a much better understanding of where you are and how to concentrate your efforts to improve in the fastest and most effective way. You will begin to speak and write in an enjoyable way and naturally and spontaneously by actively participating in real-life situations: firstly you listen and understand and then you begin to speak and write. I can help you improve your Conversational as well as your Business Russian. I like to make learning as fun as possible. My principle in teaching is to give every person what he or she needs.

Review

Abdulla

18/12/20

After 45 classes only with Anastasiia I am already able to fully understand the everyday conversations from Russian movies. Anastasiia's way of teaching is unique and focused to help the student master such a hard language in the shortest time possible. Further, Anastasiia is very helpful and understanding when it comes to classes scheduling. In short, to boost up your Russian learning knowledge or the best way to learn the Language from scratch you have to take classes with her.

Education

10 years experience as a college instructor of history and humanities classes and as tutor assisting students with essays.

Experience

I am an American college instructor of history and humanities. I taught in Qatar for three years and in total I have over 10 years of experience assisting students with acquiring historical learning and writing essays. I have also tutored students for the past ten years. I have provided training and assistance in developing a thesis, organizing and structuring an essay, and making an analytic argument. I also specialize in "personal statement essays"-- what students need to write as part of their application to universities in the US. My assistance with these essays has helped students gain entrance into the best universities in the US.  I am a published author and I can help with creative and non-fiction writing. I have taught in Qatar and I am familiar with the struggles students face, particularly those for whom English is not their first language. I am also fluent in Italian and have experience tutoring basic Italian language acquisition. 

Tutoring Approach

Students have always given me extra high ratings and the number one reason is my patience and genuine desire to help them. My strongest skills are building trust with students, creating a safe and stimulating learning environment, and effectively sharing my passion for the topics I teach. I am committed to getting to know my students and discovering their viewpoints and their personal learning style. I know how to modify my English to talk clearly and to successfully exchange information with students for whom English is a second language. I use Skype, whatsapp, and email to communicate with students. For lessons we can use Skype or the classroom function here on this site.  I use "track changes" when helping with essays. Students should have good wifi access, and should have a computer with MS Word. 

Reviews

Nasser

15/06/20

I have used Professor Chandi Wyant's tutoring services for help with history classes and with essays. She is the best tutor I've ever had. She has put a lot of thought into how students learn, she's very patient, and clearly really cares about helping students to improve. I absolutely recommend her services!

Latifa

22/06/20

An excellent tutuor!! In the beginning I was skeptical because my subject was very precious but she understood every part of it !! I totally recommend Chandi, one of the best tutors I’ve had. Truly!

Education

M.Phil (Biological sciences )

Experience

I am 26 years of age and have a Master's in biology with diverse teaching experience ranging from school to university. I am able to tutor biology, science, medical, environmental biology, and chemistry to IGCSE, AS, and 'A' level and beyond to undergraduate students. I have given tuition to individuals and small groups of students at undergraduate level and offer friendly, relaxed lessons individually, or in groups of up to three people, tailored exactly to what the pupil requires.

Tutoring Approach

I approach tutoring in such a way that I monitored, assessed, and remediated student performance with developed and implemented comprehensive lesson plans that accommodated a specific level of learners while offering support to make certain each student was able to grasp the material.

Review

Mahnoor

22/02/21

His method of teaching and way of explaining things is unique.

Education

Post Graduate in Chemistry, BSc in Chemistry, MSc in Chemistry

Experience

Experienced with GCSE, IGCSE, and A levels (EdExcel, Cambridge and AQA), British,American , CBSE and ISC students for Grade 8- 13 students. I can teach SAT -2 Subject test in chemistry, AP chemistry, MCAT Chemistry and prepare you for qualifying to colleges.

Tutoring Approach

Class used to start by asking questions. Remaining class will go in way to find the answers the these questions. Daily practice test based on lecture. Study materials including concept map. Making attractions to the subject via daily life applications.

Reviews

Reem Mohammmed

27/05/21

I have contacted Salman for a private one to one tuition for my brother to teach him chemistry for his final exam, he was on time he explained everything, refused to skip anything my brother asked to skip since I have asked to explain all details. Salman is a very trust worthy tutor he respects the time and takes benefit of each minute. He is more of a friend that only a tutor. After the Lesson he asked to know how the exam went after he has helped. I recommend Salman without thinking for another chance. Surely this will not be our first time to contact him.

Fathima

08/06/21

Mr Salman is a great teacher. He helped me to achieve very good marks in my year 12 exams. Classes are very useful and simple to understand. Especially I was struggling in my organic chemistry, he made it very simple, and I scored very good marks in my test.

Sanika Mehtar

14/06/21

Salman sir is a brilliant and a great teacher. I am taking classes for NEET Exam from him. Giving MCQ tests after all the classes and mock test in weekends and I hope I will be scoring very well in the exam. Thank you sir

Harshita

12/07/21

Excellent and brilliant teacher, he will simplify the concepts explain neatly. He made chemistry very simple to me. Thank you sir

Qais Al Ramahi

13/09/21

Excellent and eloquent teacher, taught chemistry at the highest of levels and can answer any questions you have. His main aim is to help a student and has the heart of a proper teacher!

Mayisha

17/09/21

He is explaining the concept very easily. Relaxed and systematic sessions. Following exact EdExcel syllabus order and discussing previous year question papers, Able to answer any questions, he will encourage us to answer also without any hesitation.. Highly recommend.

Maseera

11/10/21

Excellent Teacher for Chemistry I was looking for an experienced CBSE tutor, with him I have completed it. No more word to explain his talent and way of teaching Thank you sir

Lolwaal

16/10/21

Great tutor with Individual approach, great advice, positive attitude. Always on time and motivating , ready to help, very easy going, intelligent and kind. Thanks so much

Hadi

28/10/21

Excellent teacher of chemistry. Definitely recommend him to others.

Maha

05/11/21

The way he explains and delivers the information is excellent and remarkable. Also, he provides a class note after each lesson. He is always on time and if I have a question any time he is ready help me with that.

Assma Almomani

15/12/21

Great, inspiring teacher. I took only one class from him for Thermo Chemistry. He cleared all my doubts and I understood the concept in depth. Thank you sir

Education

Bachelor of education, holguín pedagogic university (cuba) in 2003 master in history and culture, holguín university (cuba), 2012

Experience

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE HISTORY TEACHER: September 2003 – Present History Department of Holguín University, Cuba Working as part of a dedicated team of friendly and supportive teachers. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE * Ability to teach History up to secondary, high school and university level. * Extensive and comprehensive knowledge of Latinoamerican History. * I.T competent – Microsoft office.

Tutoring Approach

Spanish as a Foreign Language will allow you to obtain the knowledge to communicate fluently with Spanish speakers in the activities of daily life. From: Linguistic knowledge: pronunciation, grammar and lexicon Identify grammatical structures and their functions Apply knowledge orally and in writing. Content programming must follow a notional sequence that focuses on the individual, their identification, their needs and the relationship with their environment.

Reviews

Malek Deeb

19/06/19

Arianna is a wonderful Spanish tutor and professor. Within less than a month, I feel more confident speaking, reading, and writing in Spanish. She does an excellent job in identifying her students weaknesses, and provides a direct understandable and detailed solution in helping her students learn Spanish. I would strongly recommend her services to anyone looking to learn Spanish in a fun and exciting learning environment.

Maryam Sultan

20/11/19

Arianna was a great Spanish teacher. Even though my request was different to the way she was used to teaching, she accommodated my request and helped me improve my comprehension and speaking skills. I would definitely recommend her!

Education

M.sc Industrial & Organizational Psychology

Experience

I have taught statistics, leadership, industrial psychology, marketing research, management, marketing strategy, performance evaluation, SPSS, STATA, STAT, research methodology, research design, psychology, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, quantitative research, qualitative research, English Language, data analysis, and experimental research. I guide and mentor students in their theses or dissertations in Social Sciences, Humanities, and Education. 

Tutoring Approach

Face to Face most preferred. However, I do a little of web approach, electronic approach, and class room.

Review

Hessa

25/08/15

He is understanding and patient with students, and would do his very best to meet their expectations.

Education

Undergraduate student

Experience

Tutoring has been a great experience for me both academically, personally, and professionally. I enjoy the challenges and satisfaction that come with delivering knowledge to students - especially at crucial moments like exam time. I've helped with formal and conversational English and sciences for younger students. 

Tutoring Approach

My Tutoring Approach is to put the student at the center of our time together and tailor the lessons according to how they learn. 

Education

Masters in Business Administration

Experience

I have done my Masters in Business Administration, severed as Visiting Faculty Member in Universities and Teaching O and A Level since more then 10 years now.

Tutoring Approach

I approach tutoring in such a way that I teach the students the basics, and then give them a variety of practice exercises and urge them figure out the answers themselves. If in doubt, I would keep prompting them to find the right answers thereby helping them to grasp the right concepts.

Education

Master in teaching (Mis) Mangment information system. QU

Experience

 I have more than 15 years of experiences of tutoring of ICT courses  , MIS (mangement information systems ) for Students of the Faculty of Management and Economics of Qatar University as well as the Community College and ICDL courses, and curriculum Cambridge, IGCSE Schools ,

Tutoring Approach

I approach tutoring in such a way that I show the students the basics, and then give them a variety of practice exercises and urge them figure out the answers themselves. If in doubt, I would keep prompting them to find the right answers thereby helping them to grasp the right concepts.

Education

M.Sc Computer Science

Experience

An organized professional with proven teaching and guidance skills. Driven to inspire students to achieve personal and academic success. Possess a strong track record in improving test scores. Producing pass percentage of 100% result at Board Exams with 5-8 centum scorers every year. Hi all! I am Post Graduate in Computer Science having 9years of teaching experience in International Schools & colleges and 5years in private tutoring. • Ensured completion of assigned syllabus within the time-frame given. •  Ability to identify students’ weak areas. • Evaluated the students individually to identify areas of difficulties. •  Adopted distinctive teaching methodologies and mentored troubled students. • Simplify lesson plans in line with curriculum objectives and assist students to prepare for examinations. • Responsible for ensuring that all students fully comprehended the curriculum and provided extra support to weak students. • Counselled students in regard to educational and professional goals. • Challenged and motivated students through in-depth lectures and discussions.

Tutoring Approach

Mode of Teching: 1) Offline (Preffered)- for personal and individual attention 2) Online Ensured completion of assigned syllabus within the time-frame given. •  Ability to identify students’ weak areas. • Evaluated the students individually to identify areas of difficulties. •  Adopted distinctive teaching methodologies and mentored troubled students.  

Education

BA, MEd, MBA

Experience

I have been working in higher education for 20 years in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.  In the field of language teaching, I taught English (Academic, Business, and General) in universities, private institutes, and NGOs.  I also worked in a teacher training programme, running courses on Teaching Methodology and Educational Psychology.  In more recent years, I've been teaching Business, Marketing, and Project Management. 

Tutoring Approach

Lesson plans must start with the students needs, what the students intend to achieve, and how this fits into their overall education.  I favour an inductive, collaborative approach to tutoring where students take an active role in the learning process.  Hands-on learning activities are key to making lessons relevant and practical.  

Education

BA (Hons), PGDip, MA, PGCE

Experience

I have 3 years tutoring and teaching experience. I worked for 1 year as a tutor in the UK and for 2 years in Qatar.

Tutoring Approach

I provide a tailored approach to the student and their learning needs. I make sure that the student is at the heart of everything I do, ensuring they reach their full potential.  My approach is creative and interactive, ensuring the student is engaged throughout and enjoys the learning process.

Education

BA in Applied Linguistics with Honors in Business and Post Grad Cert from Cambridge

Experience

I have been tutoring high school and college-level students for the last 10 years. Teaching is in my nature.

Tutoring Approach

Provide students with a diagnostic and then identify goals and expectations. Every 10 sessions we reevaluate our effectiveness in accomplishing targets.

Education

POST GRADUATE CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION

Experience

Fully qualified British teacher with 8 years of experience. I have taught in primary schools in the U.K. and international schools in Shanghai, China. I can support children from 4-13 years old.

Tutoring Approach

Lessons are tailored to the needs of the child after close assessment of their current level. Lots of hands on, practical activities, broken into smaller segments to keep the child engaged throughout. Once I know the child properly, lessons will also be tailored to their interests.

Education

Early Years Practitioner and English Tutor

Experience

SVQ level 3 in Children's Learning and Development Worked with a tutoring company for almost 3 years in Doha Pre-school teacher for over 9 years in both Qatar and Scotland.

Tutoring Approach

When I first meet your child we will have a 'getting to know you' session where I can assess the needs of your child. From there I will make a plan to help target the area's which your child needs the most help. We will build these essential academic skills through a variety of different activities that interest and engage your child allowing them to make the most out of their learning and gain confidence in their new skills.

Education

Bsc mechanical engineering

Experience

I studied mechanical engineering at university of portharcourt Nigeria. i have taught in many private schools as a mathematics, science ,physics, biology, Environmental management and chemistry tutor

Tutoring Approach

I plan my lessons every week , I arrange it orderly i mean from small to big ones , I also break down the lesson and topics to its lowest form. I don't over work my students I always give them time to play and I all so crack jokes with them ones in a while. I dominate my class by moving around the classroom alway , I also control making and all so engage them with class work

Education

B.A (ed) ENGLISH EDUCATION

Experience

I have been teaching and tutoring children for over 10 years in my career. The best part of it is the impact I make on the children both positively in their academics and all round their entire being. I love to work with lots of worksheets, making the kids practice often which makes them get better daily. I have lots of materials to teach and impact knowledge not forgetting I have a degree in English Education and master degree inclusive.

Tutoring Approach

I plan my lesson first with the need of the child. I try to give lots of examples and give the child lots of worksheet to do. We do the corrections together immediately. I love to reward hard work with lots of stickers and encouraging words.

Education

Mechanical Engineer

Experience

I focused on understanding based learning and this is what i strive for. I have experience in teaching Physics, Math, Calculus along with Engineering subjects in school and Univ. level.  

Tutoring Approach

Asking student about their problem in specific topic. Understand students weakness start from the basics.

Education

Masters in English, Masters In Computer Science, Masters in Education, TEFL (Teaching of English as Foreign Language) TOFL, SAT

Experience

I believe and exert my best to enable my students strong enough that they may not depend on any tutor in future. Written expression shows the personality of the person so i am blessed with the skill to beautify the English Handwriting. As I have a group of teachers for computer, Math, Sciences or humanities subjects, i voice my confidence that students will get their thirst of learning quenched. Above all we work and consider teaching as a religious obligation not as a business.

Tutoring Approach

We prefer to use different material from the internet as well as the techniques that we have gained through our wide experience of teaching multi nationalities.We prefer to use different materials from the internet as well as the techniques we have gained through our extensive experience in teaching multiple nationalities. I believe and do everything in my power to enable my students to be strong enough that they are not dependent on any teacher in the future. The written expression shows the character of a person, so I am lucky with the skill of beautifying English handwriting. Since I have a group of teachers for computer subjects, mathematics, sciences, or humanities, I am confident that students will satiate their thirst for learning. Above all, we work and consider teaching a religious obligation, not a job.

Education

Masters in Arabic language, Islamic / Quranic Studies, M Phil Translation Studies

Experience

* 13 years experience of teaching Arabic language and islamic / Quranic Studies up to secondary, high school and university level. * Extensive and comprehensive knowledge of History.

Tutoring Approach

I focus on finding my student's weakness and nurturing it step by step into their strengths.

Education

HND

Experience

I am a Nigerian with 9 years teaching experience. I have Diploma in early childhood education, certification in jolly phonics, I have taught a number of students with remarkable results. I am happy to do a demonstration lesson.

Tutoring Approach

Every student is different. Teaching approach depends on the need of the student, it's expectations and it goals. Different methods are possible such as playful exercise if the student has distraction of attention or conversation if the student wants to improve its oral skills

Education

Master degree

Experience

Graduated from Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University. Master degree. Teaching  in Qatar since 2008. Wide experience in teaching Psychology IB  & Medical Students ( Anatomy - Cardiovascular - Genes to community- Body defense- Gastrointestinal system - Urinary system - Endocrine system - Gynecology- Obstetrics - Surgery - Internal medicine )

Tutoring Approach

My sessions flows smoothly . I use modern and smart strategies to avoid boring environment. I Use a screen with an HDMI connection to present my lesson clearly and interestingly. Practicing and solving questions, past papers are essential.Translating Psychology terms to Arabic language is not every thing , but it is about translating the meaning to arabic. I translate the terms , meanings , thoughts and the pointed goals of every study. So , you don't have to just remember and recall all the subject. I will prepare your understanding and train you to write what you know from your head not from remembering the text in the book. This is what IB was made for in the first place.

Education

Licensed Secondary Science Teacher, MA in Curriculum Design, Development and Supervision

Experience

I’ve been teaching for 7 years now and I have experienced teaching students of different grade levels - secondary and senior high school. I am flexible with time schedule and could focus properly in every student’s needs.

Tutoring Approach

I am a fan of learner-centered approach in teaching students. I believe that students learn more when they generate their own ideas from the knowledge that they already know and I prepare them through interactive activities, integrated and guided instructions. I also use different approaches depending on the needs of the students because learners have different learning styles and so as teachers with different teaching styles.